Pakistan's Legal System - Simplified for Everyone

Cryptocurrency and Digital Assets Regulation in Pakistan (2025) Cryptocurrency and Digital Assets Regulation in Pakistan (2025) Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other digital assets have gained global popularity. Pakistan, like many developing countries, faces the challenge of regulating this fast-growing sector while protecting investors and ensuring compliance with international standards such as FATF (Financial Action Task Force). [Advertisement] 1. Current Legal Status of Cryptocurrency in Pakistan The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) had earlier prohibited banks from dealing with cryptocurrencies. However, with the rise of fintech and blockchain, Pakistan is moving towards structured regulations. As of 2025: No blanket legalization yet, but controlled frameworks are being discussed. SECP (Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan) is drafting guidelines for crypt...

Regulating Ride-Hailing & Mobility Platforms — Pakistan 2025 Guide Regulating Ride-Hailing & Mobility Platforms — Pakistan 2025 Guide How regulators, operators, drivers and passengers can navigate licensing, safety, labor, insurance, data protection and fare rules as Pakistan’s mobility sector matures. Advertisement Overview Ride-hailing and mobility platforms (cars, motorbikes, shared micro-transit) have transformed urban transport in Pakistan. Effective regulation must balance innovation and convenience with road safety, worker protections, consumer rights and fair competition. Legal & institutional framework Transport & motor vehicle laws: Provincial motor vehicle acts and city traffic by-laws set licensing, vehicle fitness and permit regimes. Local authorities: City transport authorities (e.g., traffic police, municipal corporations) manage permits, road rules and safety enforcement....

Climate Litigation: Emerging Environmental Rights Cases in Pakistan Climate Litigation: Emerging Environmental Rights Cases in Pakistan (2025) Climate change has become one of the most pressing global challenges, and Pakistan is no exception. As the country faces extreme floods, rising temperatures, and environmental degradation, the judiciary has stepped in to address violations of fundamental rights caused by climate inaction. This emerging field of climate litigation is shaping environmental policy and justice in Pakistan. [Your AdSense Ad Here] 🔹 What is Climate Litigation? Climate litigation refers to legal actions taken in courts to enforce environmental rights, challenge harmful policies, or compel governments and corporations to take action against climate change. In Pakistan, such cases are often based on constitutional ...

Privacy & Regulation of FinTech & Mobile Wallets in Pakistan — 2025 Guide Privacy & Regulation of FinTech & Mobile Wallets in Pakistan — 2025 Guide Understand how mobile wallets, payment apps, EMIs and PSP/PSOs are regulated, what data they can collect, and the guardrails around onboarding, fees, lending and dispute resolution. EMI Licensing PSP/PSO e-KYC & AML/CFT Data Protection Consumer Rights Cybersecurity Jump to: FinTech Landscape • Licensing Types • e-KYC & AML/CFT • Privacy & Data Rules • Cybersecurity • Consumer Protection • Wallet Operations • In-App Lending/BNPL • Tax & Reporting • Breaches & Incidents • FAQ • Useful Tools Advertisement 1) Pakistan’s FinTech Landscape (quick primer) Payments are shifting f...

Judicial Appointments & Reforms in Pakistan 2025 Judicial Appointments & Reforms in Pakistan 2025 A Complete Guide for Citizens, Lawyers, and Policy Enthusiasts Judicial independence is the cornerstone of democracy and the rule of law. In Pakistan, debates around judicial appointments and reforms have intensified in 2025 due to rising demands for transparency, accountability, and modernization of the justice system. This guide explores the process of judicial appointments, challenges in the current framework, and key reforms under discussion. Judicial Appointment Process in Pakistan Supreme Court Judges: Appointed through the Judicial Commission of Pakistan (JCP) with final approval from the Parliamentary Committee. High Court Judges: Nominations are initiated by the Chief Justice of the concerned High Court and forwarded to JCP. Accountability & Oversight: Sup...

AI Regulation & Ethical Use in Law Enforcement — Pakistan 2025 Guide AI Regulation & Ethical Use in Law Enforcement — Pakistan 2025 Guide A practical framework for policymakers, police IT units, prosecutors, defence lawyers, and citizens on deploying AI (e.g., facial recognition, language models, analytics) with legality, necessity, proportionality and transparency. Predictive Policing Facial Recognition Digital Evidence Data Protection Human Oversight Jump to: Legal Baseline • Common Police AI Uses • Risks & Red Flags • Mandatory Safeguards • Procurement & Vendor Controls • AI as Evidence • Citizen Rights • Governance Models • FAQ • Useful Tools Advertisement 1) Legal baseline (what must guide AI in policing) Legality & authorization: Any AI use ...

Digital Courts & Virtual Hearings in Pakistan — 2025 Guide Digital Courts & Virtual Hearings in Pakistan — 2025 Guide A practical, plain-language guide for lawyers, litigants, court staff and policy teams on e-filing, video hearings, digital evidence, confidentiality, and due-process safeguards. Jump to: Basics • Tech Setup • E-Filing • Digital Evidence • Privacy & Security • Virtual Hearing Protocol • Access & Inclusion • FAQ • Useful Tools Advertisement 1) What are digital courts & virtual hearings? Digital courts use technology to manage filings, listings, evidence and hearings. Proceedings may be fully online (video) or hybrid (some parties in-person, some remote). Goals include faster case flow, reduced travel, improved record-keeping and better citizen access. Good to know: Even online hearings must me...

Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Laws — Pakistan 2025 Guide Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Laws — Pakistan 2025 Guide A practical, plain-language guide for officials, NGOs, lawyers and citizens explaining Pakistan’s disaster management legal framework, emergency duties, relief rules, procurement, reconstruction obligations and quick checklists for compliance and preparedness. Quick overview Pakistan’s modern disaster regime is organised around a national–provincial architecture that combines statutory duties, policy plans and operational agencies. Core instruments and frameworks include the National Disaster Management Act (2010) , the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), provincial disaster management authorities (PDMAs), and the national disaster management plan aligned with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction . These laws set out preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery ...

Gender Equality & Anti-Harassment Laws in the Workplace – Pakistan Gender Equality & Anti-Harassment Laws in the Workplace – Pakistan In Pakistan, gender equality and protection from harassment at the workplace are enshrined in law. These laws aim to ensure a safe, respectful, and fair working environment for all employees, regardless of gender. Key Legislation: Protection Against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act, 2010 (Amended 2022). 1. Understanding Gender Equality in the Workplace Gender equality ensures that all employees have equal access to opportunities, benefits, and career advancement without discrimination based on gender. Equal pay for equal work Equal opportunity for recruitment and promotions Inclusive workplace policies 2. Anti-Harassment Laws in Pakistan The Protection Against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act defines...

Foreign Investment Protection & Dispute Resolution in Pakistan — 2025 Guide Foreign Investment Protection & Dispute Resolution in Pakistan — 2025 Guide A concise, practice-oriented overview for cross-border investors, lenders, PE/VC funds, export-oriented ventures, EPC contractors, and PPP participants. Quick jump: Investment Landscape • Legal Protections • Approvals & Structures • Incentives & Zones • Key Contract Clauses • Dispute Resolution Pathways • Enforcement of Awards • Risk Mitigation Checklist • FAQ Advertisement 1) Investment Landscape (What Investors Should Know) Sectors open to FDI: Manufacturing, energy (including renewables), logistics & ports, mining, tech/ITeS, agribusiness, and services—subject to sectoral rules and screening where applicable. Entry modes: Wholly-owned subsidiary...

Maritime & Shipping Laws in Pakistan – Complete Guide Maritime & Shipping Laws in Pakistan – Complete Guide Maritime and shipping laws in Pakistan regulate navigation, shipping, ports, and maritime trade. These laws are essential for ensuring smooth port operations, safeguarding international trade, and resolving disputes at sea. Advertisement 1. Governing Bodies Key institutions overseeing maritime affairs in Pakistan include: Ministry of Maritime Affairs Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA) Port Qasim Authority Karachi Port Trust Gwadar Port Authority 2. Key Maritime Laws Merchant Shipping Ordinance, 2001 – Regulates shipping, registration of vessels, and safety standards. Ports Act, 1908 – Governs port operations and management. Pakistan Territorial Waters & Maritime Zones Act, 1976 – De...

Taxation Laws for Freelancers & Digital Entrepreneurs in Pakistan (2025 Guide) Taxation Laws for Freelancers & Digital Entrepreneurs in Pakistan — 2025 Guide Made for freelancers, creators, consultants, developers, designers, YouTubers, affiliate marketers, e-commerce sellers, and startup founders operating from Pakistan. Quick jump: Who is taxable? • Tax registration (NTN & portals) • Income tax basics • Sales tax on services • Invoicing & records • Allowable deductions • Return filing calendar • Earnings via platforms • Compliance checklists • FAQ 1) Who is taxable in Pakistan? Residents (generally, living in Pakistan for most of the tax year) are taxed on worldwide income unless specifically exempted. Non-residents are taxed on Pakistan-source income only. Freelancing/digital income (U...